Introduction

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Chikungunya fever (CF) is a viral illness caused by an arbovirus transmitted by the Aedes mosquitoes. The disease was documented first time in the form of an outbreak in Tanzania. The name is derived from the ‘makonde’ dialect which means ‘that which bends up’, indicating the physical appearance of a patient with severe clinical features. The fever locally also named as ‘LangraJor’ (ল্যাাংড়া জ্বর).

Chikungunya fever is caused by virus of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV ) which is an RNA virus that belongs to the Alphavirus genus of the Togaviridae, the family that comprises a number of viruses that are mostly transmitted by arthropods. The virus was first isolated in 1952-1953 from both man and mosquitoes during an epidemic of fever that was considered clinically indistinguishable from dengue fever in Tanzania. It is a single stranded RNA virus, heat labile and sensitive to temperatures above 580 C. Three lineages with distinct genotypic and antigenic characteristics have been identified: two phyllogenetic lineages from Africa and one from Asia. Chikungunya virus strains isolated in India during the 2004-2006 outbreaks are closely related to strains isolated from Réunion islands.