Principles of Management
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Mild and moderate cases can be managed at home. Severe cases should be managed at hospital.
A. Home Management
- Consume plenty of water with electrolytes (approximately 2 litres of home available fluids with salt in 24 hours).
- Take paracetamol tablets during periods of fever (up to 1000 mg tablets four times daily), in persons with no preexisting liver or kidney disease . Children may be given 50-60 mg per kg body weight per day in divided doses.
- Adequate rest in a warm environment
- Cold compresses may help in reducing joint damage. Heat may increase/worsen joint pain and is therefore best to avoid during acute stage.
- Refrain from exertion. Mild forms of exercise and physiotherapy are recommended in recovering persons.
- Avoid self medication with aspirin or NSAIDs.
- Antihistamines can be used for itching.
B. Admission criteria
- If the person is hemo-dynamically unstable (frequent syncopal attacks, hypotension with a systolic BP less than 90 mmHg or a pulse pressure less than 30 mmHg),
- oliguria (urine output less than 500 ml in 24 hours),
- altered sensorium
- bleeding manifestations
- persons not responding or having persistent joint pain or disabling arthritis even after three days of symptomatic treatment
- persons above sixty years
- infants (below one year of age)
- Pregnancy
- High risk Group
C. Hospital management
- Assess for dehydration and institute proper rehydration therapy.
(5% DNS, Normal Saline, & baby saline for paediatric cases) - Take paracetamol tablets during periods of fever (up to 1000 mg tablets four times daily), in persons with no preexisting liver or kidney disease. Children may be given 50-60 mg per kg body weight per day in divided doses.
- Antibiotics can be used to treat secondary bacterial infection.
- Antihistamines can be used for itching.
- Cold compresses may help in reducing joint damage. Heat may increase/worsen joint pain and is therefore best to avoid during acute stage.
- Refrain from exertion.
- Mild forms of exercise and physiotherapy are recommended in recovering persons.
- Aspirin or NSAIDs should be avoided during first 10 days. NSAIDs can be used in Chikungunya only when Dengue fever is adequately excluded.
- Cutaneous manifestations with topical or systemic drugs, and neuro-psychiatric problems with specialist care and drugs).
- Steroid has no role in acute stage.
- In cases with ophthalmic symptoms complications, consult with ophthalmologists.