10.4 Ambulatory versus hospital treatment

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Over 95% of the TB patients can be treated on an ambulatory basis. Hospitalization itself has little or no effect on the outcome of the treatment except in severe form of tuberculosis. Hospitalization may be necessary if the patient cannot receive ambulatory treatment under direct observation. In-patient treatment may also be necessary (often only for a short period) for severely ill patients, e.g. tuberculosis with complications viz. severe haemoptysis (blood-stained sputum), spontaneous pneumothorax (air in the inter-pleural space resulting in collapse of the lung), TB meningitis, cardiac temponade etc. or for those with other associated serious diseases.