TB/HIV Co-Infection

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The HIV/AIDS pandemic presents a significant challenge to the global efforts to control tuberculosis (TB). There is a positive co-relation between the TB incidence and mortality and HIV prevalence. HIV is the most potent risk factor for progression of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) infection to TB disease. In fact, the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) as per the Global TB Report 2020 (Page 34) is estimated to be 18 times (range, 15 – 21) greater in people living with HIV than among those without HIV infection. On the other hand, Tuberculosis is the most common opportunistic infection amongst HIV-infected individuals. It is a major cause of mortality among patients with HIV and poses a risk throughout the course of HIV disease. TB infection is also known to accelerate progression of HIV infection to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and reduce survival of the infected person. TB is therefore the leading preventable cause of death among PLHIV.