19.6 Monitoring

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Monitoring is defined as the systematic ongoing collection, collation, analysis and interpretation of data with a view to detect any deviations from the expected norms and is followed by dissemination of feedback for corrective actions. It is an ongoing process of observing whether an activity or service is occurring as planned. Monitoring of a program or intervention involves the collection of routine data that measure progress toward achieving program objectives. It is used to track changes in program performance over time. Its purpose is to permit stakeholders to make informed decisions regarding the effectiveness of programs and the efficient use of resources. It also facilitates early identification of any diversions from a planned course of action thereby allowing timely solutions to problems.

In our case it relates to maintaining and improving the health care for Presumptive as well as Active TB patients so that it meets our aspirations, and to take appropriate action to improve performance. It is an ongoing process carried out by the programme implementers. Monitoring is the activity that ensures that measurable information of a programme is implemented, recorded and reported.

19.6.1 Methods of Monitoring

  • Routine report review
    • The core of a monitoring system
    • Focuses on data management, supply, finance, training, quality assurance, and drug use
  • Supervisory visits
    • Reinforce routine reporting requirements
    • Provide on-the-spot training, informal and direct monitoring
  • Sentinel reporting
    • Supplements routine reporting
    • Most useful when a system is undergoing rapid or substantial change; can detect unexpected or unintended outcome

Both monitoring and supervision are ongoing processes. There should be a plan for regular supervision and monitoring at all levels.