Case Finding of Tuberculosis

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Tuberculosis usually affect the lungs (pulmonary TB) but can affect other sites as well (Extra-pulmonary TB). When the tubercle bacilli enter the body of an individual but remain dormant without causing disease it is known as latent TB infection (LTBI). Approximately 10% of people infected with the bacillus, but not suffering from any other concomitant immunosuppressive condition, will develop the active disease during their lifetime. A person is said to have tuberculous disease when s/he starts manifesting symptoms and signs and the relevant Lab and / or other tests confirm or suggest active TB. However, the probability of developing TB is much higher among people infected with HIV or other co-morbid conditions that compromise one’s immunity. The disease is spread from person to person through air when people who are sick with pulmonary TB expel bacteria while coughing and sneezing.

Presumptive TB refers to a patient who presents with symptoms or signs suggestive of TB.