Typhoid and Paratyphoid
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Description
It is an acute systemic disease resulting from infection by Salmonella typhi and S. paratyphi, serovar group A and B respectively. Infection is acquired through ingestion of contaminated food and water.
Signs and Symptoms
- Fever
- Severe headache
- Abdominal pain
- Muscle pains (myalgia)
- Obtundation
- Intestinal haemorrhage
- Bowel perforation
- Sequela neuropsychiatric complications
Investigations
- Evidence of positive cultures from bone marrow aspirates; blood or stool done within 1 week of acute infection OR
- Serological evidence of rising high titers above 1:160 (Widal test), OR
- Indirect fluorescent Vi antibody
- ELISA for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies to Typhi polysaccharide.
Treatment
- Ciprofloxacin 500mg (PO) OR 400mg (IV) 12 hourly for 10-14 days
OR
- Azithromycin (PO) Adult 500mg for 7 days
OR
- Ceftriaxone 2g once daily for 10-14days